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Applications of Light Microscopy
Light microscopy has revolutionized the study of cellular structures and organization within the biological sciences. From simple cell identification and quality assessments to more advanced applications like protein dynamics and co-localization of proteins, this powerful tool plays a crucial role. Techniques such as phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy have significantly enhanced the visualization of specimens,…
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Applications of Atomic Force Microscopy
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a versatile tool used for detailed surface imaging and analysis. It offers high-resolution imaging for both dry and liquid samples, making it invaluable for biological studies, nucleic acid research, and mechanical property analysis. AFM’s applications range from real-time cell biology observations to nanofabrication and defect detection in materials, highlighting its…
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Atomic Force Microscopy
Introduction to Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a cutting-edge member of the microscopic techniques known collectively as scanning probe microscopy (SPM). The underlying principles of SPM are markedly distinct from those of light and electron microscopy. SPM methods are used to study the surface properties of materials by scanning an extremely fine probe over the specimen surface. This relatively recent technique emerged in 1981 when Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer developed the first working SPM, specifically the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Fundamentals of Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Modes of AFM Operation Imaging Modes Force Mode AFM/Force Spectroscopy Resolution of AFM Advantages of AFM Conclusion Atomic force microscopy (AFM) represents a significant advancement in microscopic techniques, enabling detailed surface analysis and manipulation at the nanoscale. With its versatile operation modes and superior resolution capabilities, AFM stands out as an indispensable tool in scientific research, offering unique advantages over traditional electron microscopy, especially in the study of soft and biological samples.
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Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
The transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a groundbreaking tool in electron microscopy, first developed by Knoll and Ruska in the 1930s. It utilizes a focused electron beam to produce highly detailed images of thin specimens by detecting electrons transmitted through them. TEMs employ thermionic emission guns and can accelerate electrons to high potentials, enabling high-resolution…
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Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a revolutionary imaging tool that allows for detailed observation of specimen surfaces at a microscopic level. Utilizing a focused beam of electrons, SEMs generate high-resolution images that reveal fine surface structures. The electron gun and magnetic lenses direct and focus the electrons onto the specimen, which is then scanned…
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