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Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
The excerpt delves into the crucial topics of pathogen recognition and innate immunity. It highlights the significance of the innate immune system as the first line of defense against invading pathogens, explaining the role of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) in detecting unique pathogen structures known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The innate immune response’s rapid…
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Complement system
The complement system is a complex network of proteins that enhances the ability of the immune system to clear pathogens from an organism. This study note provides a detailed overview of the complement system, including its activation pathways, functions, and regulation, and highlights its significance in immunology and disease treatment.
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Pathways of Complement activation
The complement system is a crucial component of the immune response, consisting of a cascade of proteins that work together to identify and eliminate pathogens. There are three main pathways of complement activation: the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway. Each pathway is initiated by different triggers and involves unique mechanisms of…
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Functions of Complement system
The complement system is a critical component of the innate immune system that plays a vital role in recognizing and eliminating invading pathogens. Composed of more than 30 plasma proteins, the complement system is activated through several different pathways and exerts its effector functions through various mechanisms. These functions include opsonization, recruitment of inflammatory cells,…
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Classical pathway of Complement system
Diagram illustrating the classical pathway of the complement system, with labeled steps including initiation, activation of C1, formation of C3 convertase, amplification of the complement cascade, and formation of membrane attack complex (MAC).
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Antibodies
This text provides an overview of antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), which are proteins produced by the immune system in response to foreign antigens. Antibodies are highly specific to a particular antigen and play a crucial role in fighting infections and diseases. The text covers the structure and different classes of antibodies, their mechanisms…
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