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X Inactivation in Female Mammals
I. Introduction II. X Chromosome Inactivation III. Selection of Active X Chromosome IV. X Inactivation Process V. X Inactivation in Humans VI. Conclusion
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Human Brain
The brain is the most sophisticated organ in the human body, directing and coordinating all of the body’s operations. It is divided into three sections: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. Forebrain Thalamus and hypothalamus Midbrain Cerebellum To summarise, the brain is a highly complex and detailed organ, with diverse areas and structures specialised…
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Mutation
Introduction Types of Mutation A point mutation occurs when a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence is changed. Frameshift mutation When one or more nucleotides are added to or taken away from the DNA sequence, this is called a frameshift mutation. Chromosomal mutations There are various forms of chromosomal mutations, which include:Deletion: the removal of…
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Prokaryotic DNA Replication
Prokaryotic DNA replication is a tightly regulated and coordinated process in which bacterial cells duplicate their genetic material before cell division. The process is semi-conservative and includes the initiation, elongation, and termination of replication, involving enzymes such as DNA polymerase, primase, and helicase. The replication is initiated by the binding of the replication initiator protein…
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Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
Gregor Mendel’s groundbreaking research on pea plants led to the formulation of two fundamental laws of inheritance. The Law of Dominance explains how dominant and recessive traits are inherited, while the Law of Segregation elucidates the separation of alleles during meiosis. The Law of Independent Assortment further reveals the independent inheritance of different traits. These…
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