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Gamete Fusion and Prevention of Polyspermy in Mammals
In mammals, the side of the sperm head contacts the egg, initiating the acrosome reaction, which releases enzymes and exposes the inner acrosomal membrane. Membrane fusion starts at the equatorial region, aided by actin polymerization extending microvilli from the egg to the sperm.
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Acrosome Reaction
The acrosome reaction is a crucial process in fertilization, enabling the sperm to penetrate the egg’s protective layers and achieve fertilization. This reaction involves a series of biochemical and structural changes in the sperm’s acrosome, a cap-like structure covering the anterior part of the sperm head.
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Mammalian Fertilization: Capacitation
Capacitation is a vital process that enables mammalian sperm to fertilize an egg. Unlike amphibians or sea urchins, mammalian sperm are initially immature and require capacitation during their journey from the vagina.
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Fertilization in Sea Urchin
Fertilization in sea urchins is a complex process that involves a series of steps, beginning with the release of sperm and eggs and culminating in the formation of a zygote. The release of gametes is often triggered by environmental cues, and upon contact, the sperm undergoes a series of changes, including the release of enzymes…
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Molecular Events of Amphibian Fertilization
Fertilization in amphibians is a fascinating process that involves a unique set of molecular events governing the successful fusion of male and female gametes. Unlike mammals, amphibians employ external fertilization, where the male releases sperm into the surrounding water, and the female lays her eggs. This process requires intricate cellular interactions, starting with chemotaxis and…
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