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Mitochondria
Mitochondria are organelles found in eukaryotic cells responsible for generating energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Due to their essential role in cellular respiration, they are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell. Mitochondria have a unique structure consisting of an outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, cristae, and matrix. They…
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Apoptosis – Molecular Basis
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a crucial process in multicellular organisms that plays a key role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to cellular stress and damage. Dysregulation of apoptosis can lead to various diseases, including cancer and autoimmunity. The molecular basis of apoptosis involves two main pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which…
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Apoptotic pathways
Apoptosis is a crucial physiological process that plays a key role in the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, as well as in the response to cellular stress and damage. The process of apoptosis is regulated by a complex network of molecular pathways, including the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. In the extrinsic pathway, signals from…
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The p53 gene
The p53 gene is a crucial gene in the human body that plays a critical role in regulating cell growth and division. The gene encodes a protein called p53, which acts as a checkpoint protein to monitor the integrity of the genome and respond to DNA damage. When DNA damage is detected, p53 can activate…
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