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Cytokines
Cytokines are vital signaling molecules that play a crucial role in the immune response. This detailed study explores the functions, types, and significance of cytokines in various physiological processes, including inflammation and cell growth. It delves into the two main categories of cytokines: pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, shedding light on their roles in initiating and…
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Inflammation: a biological response
Inflammation is a complex biological response triggered by the immune system in response to injury, infection, or tissue damage. This study provides insights into the key components and mechanisms of inflammation, including immune cell activation and cytokine release. It explores the two main types of inflammation: acute and chronic, highlighting their characteristics and associations with…
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Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
The excerpt delves into the crucial topics of pathogen recognition and innate immunity. It highlights the significance of the innate immune system as the first line of defense against invading pathogens, explaining the role of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) in detecting unique pathogen structures known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The innate immune response’s rapid…
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Functions of Complement system
The complement system is a critical component of the innate immune system that plays a vital role in recognizing and eliminating invading pathogens. Composed of more than 30 plasma proteins, the complement system is activated through several different pathways and exerts its effector functions through various mechanisms. These functions include opsonization, recruitment of inflammatory cells,…
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