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Intracellular Transport
Intracellular transport is a vital process that ensures the proper functioning of cells by facilitating the movement of molecules, organelles, and structures within them. Two main categories of intracellular transport are vesicular transport and cytoskeletal transport. Vesicular transport relies on the use of membrane-bound vesicles to transport materials within the cell through processes like endocytosis…
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Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
The excerpt delves into the crucial topics of pathogen recognition and innate immunity. It highlights the significance of the innate immune system as the first line of defense against invading pathogens, explaining the role of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) in detecting unique pathogen structures known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The innate immune response’s rapid…
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Classical pathway of Complement system
Diagram illustrating the classical pathway of the complement system, with labeled steps including initiation, activation of C1, formation of C3 convertase, amplification of the complement cascade, and formation of membrane attack complex (MAC).
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Functions of Antibodies
This text provides an overview of the critical functions of antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, in the immune response. Antibodies are a class of proteins that play a vital role in protecting the body from infection and disease. They are produced by B-lymphocytes and can bind specifically to a wide variety of antigens. Antibodies are…
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Antigen Presenting Cells
This text provides an overview of antigen presenting cells (APCs), including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, and their crucial role in initiating the adaptive immune response. It also discusses the process of maturation of APCs, which enhances their efficiency in presenting antigens to T cells.
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